Xyz

Note - CTCSS label should actually be : ZVEI multi-tones
Level 1 : Getting Started

At first you'll just want to tune to a certain frequency, make sure the volume is reasonable, and talk. The advanced stuff can wait for now.
Switch on with a quick press of the power button, and wait a moment for it to spring into life. Don't expect to press the button until it switches on - a long press will get it to flash on briefly and then it will tell you it's switched off! This can be very confusing, especially when you try again and nothing happens. If you're having trouble, wait two or three seconds for it to settle down and then try again.

The volume will probably be too loud, so go down to nothing and then up one - grin and bear it or fit a variable resistor volume control of your own!

Tune in with the MHz or kHz buttons shown above to tune up and down, or just dial in a frequency such as  7    0    4    5   (no decimal point needed) - it will auto-complete for you, based upon 12.5kHz steps. You may dial in frequencies from 60.0 to 99.9875 MHz, and the up/down tuning will 'roll around' these limits. VFO lock and RX performance may vary considerably away from 4m, but my local FM station on 88.8 came in loud and clear during pauses in speech (their broadcast deviation is way too high for this narrow FM RX of course). 89.6 was ok too, but there was less success with other local frequencies (on the same mast) over 90 MHz. Dummy load tests confirmed that TX is possible outside of the amateur 4m band, so be careful with the repeater shift (which is set to 1.6MHz as supplied).

However scary it may have looked at first, that's the basics and it's simple enough isn't it? If you get lost in menus just switch it off and on again. I bought mine and didn't exactly rush to power it up, because it was "oh no, not another complicated user interface to learn, look at all those buttons" - but it was much easier than I was expecting. But still tricky enough in places for me to write this for anyone else getting muddled...

Level 2 : Changing Some Settings

Most useful functions
o Press followed by [1] for Transmit Power. Use to change between 0, 1, 2, or 3 bars on the display, then any other numerical key to get back to VFO mode. Highest power --- will be around 25W (14dBW), -- is about half, - may be about 2.5W and no bars just a bit less than that.

o Press followed by [2] for Squelch Level - although this may be best left alone (see manual). No Bars is for maximum sensitivity, - means the squelch level is increased by about 5dB, -- reduces Rx sensitivity by about 20dB, and --- is even worse.

o Press followed by [4] for the MENU (see below).

o Press followed by [8] for Frequency Steps (raster) - select 5/6.25/10/12.5/15/18.75/20/25 kHz with , 10kHz to get to 70.260 for example, but 12.5 will suffice for most of us.

o Press followed by [#] to switch to the next Repeater Shift mode. Each time these two buttons are pressed it will change the displayed shift to the next of the three possibilities of -, +, or none.

Other possibilities : [3] for choosing CTCSS tones (if possible for your specific radio), [5] for Status menu, [6] to show or hide the name of a memory channel where it has been set, ([7] not known), ([9] not known), [0] arrange sending a ZVEI tone call to one of 10 codes, [*] memory channel scan lock-out, [top right key] for choosing send tone code (receive not implemented), [Call channel key] to set or delete call channel, [S] to set or delete a memory channel.

The MENU. There aren't enough front panel buttons to give every function its own button, so settings which are not changed very often are placed in a MENU (with several submenus to organise things better). The (as left/right) and buttons are used most, for selecting items and changing them.

From normal operation (i.e. with a frequency on display) the MENU can be selected by pressing two buttons : followed by [4]. Now use either of these keys (as left and right buttons) to cycle through a small list of settings and submenus. Press to change an item or to enter a submenu. If the item has a limited number of settings (such as ON/OFF), then will toggle between them. Otherwise a yellow indicator will light to signify a further setting mode - in this case use to lower or raise the displayed setting (or you need to key in a number in the case of numerical settings such as repeater shift) and then press again to exit the setting mode and return to the list of items (the yellow light then goes off). When a setting is changed that's it immediately - there's no concept of Accept/Confirm or Cancel without saving. To exit the MENU or any submenu press any otherwise unused key - such as numerical keys [1] to [9] - this will take you back up a level. Here are a few examples, things you'll probably want to change :
Beep Volume : If you're anything like me then the loud key beeps will be the first thing you want to tame. At first I thought just switching them off would be best, but it's nice to have some confirmation that you've actually pressed buttons like these, and the lowest level isn't too unsettling. It's also useful to hear the beeps because a variety of different tones (and double-beeps) are used to signify such things as completed operations or actions that have had no effect.

Start from normal operation (frequency on display)
press for a function
press [4] to enter the MENU - MENU will appear top right
(if "Audio submenu -->" isn't the current choice then use until it appears)
press to enter the submenu - AUDI will appear top right
press either of until "Key Beep Volume" setting appears
press to change the setting - in this case entering setting mode (yellow LED will light)
press either of one or more times to lower/raise the beep volume as required
press to exit the setting mode (yellow LED will go out)
press [5] to exit the submenu
Finally, press [5] to exit the MENU

Beep Off (roger beep transmitted, or key beeps) : Very similar to the above, as it lives in the same submenu - but the settings are toggled straight away without any further setting mode and yellow light malarkey. Roger Beeps don't sound quite right on the amateur bands in my opinion, and make no sense on FM anyway, so I turn mine off.

Start from normal operation (frequency on display)
press for a function
press [4] to enter the MENU - MENU will appear top right
(if "Audio submenu -->" isn't the current choice then use until it appears)
press to enter the submenu - AUDI will appear top right
press either of until "Key Beep" setting appears, or "Roger Beep" - whichever you need to change
press to change the displayed ON to OFF, or vice-versa
press [5] to exit the submenu
Finally, press [5] to exit the MENU

Repeater Shift : There are no repeaters on 4m of course, but it could be useful for split working to countries with limited allocations outside of ours. The shift is specified in tens of MHz, with the original 1.6 shown as 01.600.000 kHz on the display. As you enter the number it will auto-complete after two decimal places. For example 200kHz is 0.2MHz (00.20MHz) so you'd enter  0    0    2    0   and that's it (with a different tone beep to let you know that's enough). Note that you set the absolute shift value itself in the menu, but it takes a different quick step to set the + or - shift (or none at all) using the function key and [#].

Start from normal operation (frequency on display)
press for a function
press [4] to enter the MENU - MENU will appear top right
(if "Shift" isn't the current choice then use until it appears)
press to change the setting - in this case entering setting mode (yellow LED will light)
dial in the offset, such as [0]  [0]  [2]  [0] for 200 kHz
press to exit the setting mode (yellow LED will go out)
press [5] to exit the submenu
Finally, press [5] to exit the MENU

On the Audio Submenu the settings "RX mode FM / PM" and "TX mode FM / PM" effectively act as rudimentary tone controls on received and transmitted audio, if you find that useful.

Level 3 : Really Hairy Settings

See G0BEQ's manual for the gritty details, now that you're familiar with changing settings with and
Scanning

The scanning features transform the Ascom into a very useful piece of kit, rather than a quiet lump that sits there doing nothing most of the time.
SCAN SPEED
You can load up a dozen or so frequencies into memory channels and it will scan them quickly enough that you won't miss much - much quicker than I was expecting. Many amateur transceivers scan as an afterthought and ponderously plod their way through no more than a handful of channels per second, so that if you try to scan 20 channels you could easily miss things because it takes so long to come back around to a given channel. But the Ascom scans so quickly that the display looks like it can't keep up! The display updates slowly enough that you can just about register a series of different frequencies as snapshots of where it was at the time, while the actual frequencies being scanned are forging ahead leaving the display behind. Thus you won't be able to tell how fast it is scanning by timing how long it takes to scan by looking for how often a given number goes past - it may not show on each pass.

Mine takes about 21 seconds to VFO scan 4 MHz in 320 x 12.5kHz steps, which works out at about 15.2 channels per second - no slouch compared to some scanners. I presume the memory scan rate is probably at the same speed.

Start a scan with the [*]  key, whether it's a VFO scan or Memory scan - i.e. use the [S]  key to change from VFO mode or Memory Mode as required, first (Memory Mode only possible if there is at least one Memory stored in the currently chosen bank).

A VFO frequency scan (scanning frequencies up from where you started) can change direction with the kHz up/down keys, when scanning. If the scan has stopped on a busy frequency you will have to resume scanning again before you can change direction, which can be mildly annoying as you have to go further the wrong way before changing direction and end up passing through that noisy carrier again on the way back, having to press Scan yet again!

Note on scan speed - there's nothing to stop you entering 70.450 more than once in a bank. You could fill up a bank with 90 channels, taking 6 seconds to scan through, but if you equally space the call channel 6 times (in memories 01, 16, 31, 46, 61 & 76) you'll never be more than a second away from hearing any calls on that channel. Such creative memory programming can really speed up the effective scan speed where you don't want to miss anything on certain channels but can quite happily sample others less often. So you really can use the Ascom to scan a whole load of seldom used channels that are interesting if they ever spring into life, while still monitoring 70.45 and 70.2625 every second or two.

BANKS AND CHANNELS
The Ascom has 7 banks of 100 channels (00 to 99) each. This is useful for swapping between different requirements such as "4m only", "4m + scanning for other things", "keep me entertained as much as possible" and "only bother me if something unusual happens", etc. Switch banks by cycling upwards through them with the button in the middle under the display. A bank with no memories stored will not be able to show anything in Memory Mode and so it will stay in VFO mode (i.e. Pressing [S]  will not do anything)

LOCK OUT
Busy or interference-affected memory channels can be "locked out" from the scan, and manually re-included as and when you wish, later.
To lock out a memory channel :
and then [*]  - a red light will appear when that channel is shown on the display in memory mode (not scanning). The channel will not be scanned until you apply the same step and the red indicator will then be unlit again.

SCAN RESUME OPTIONS
From the settings mode (top level amongst repeater shift and submenu headings) you can select between the following modes with a quick dab of the Set key (followed by 4, for example, to exit the setting mode) :

Start from normal operation (frequency or memory on display)
press for a function
press [4] to enter the MENU - MENU will appear top right
(if "Scan mode:" isn't the current choice then use until it appears)
press to change the setting - in this case toggling through one of the following 3 options :

"Scan and stop" - The default mode stops on the first busy channel and stays there. Handy at home if there are never any momentary blips of noise around and you really want to leave it scanning for any activity whatsoever, wander off, and come back after you've heard something to see where it was. Useless when mobile, as the first blast of interference noise on any channel stops the scan and that's that until you press the button again.

"Scan wait" - Waits a given time (5 seconds) on a busy channel then resumes scanning regardless. This has never been a great way of scanning as far as I'm concerned, but could be useful if you don't mind missing little bits of activity on busy channels (as it wanders off in the middle of someone talking and loops around the scan list again) while definitely being able to notice something else on other specific memory channels because you will always be scanning each memory at least every x seconds instead of having the scanner tied up on a busy channel. It can be handy if you really don't want to miss a call on 70.45 while scanning through other things in the meantime.

"Scan silence" - Waits on a busy channel until the carrier drops and then for a further 4 seconds (in case anyone replies) before resuming scanning. This kind of Scan Delay is usually the best way to scan, unless you have memory channels prone to bursts of noise (or 'bleed-over' from an adjacent frequency) which holds the scan on a channel where nothing's happing except a squelch break every second or two. This isn't usually a problem, and this works out fairly well when mobile except that as you pass through small areas of spurious carriers from electronic equipment you'll just have to put up with each one until you've passed it - so far I've found this doesn't take long and is quite interesting in its own way to see how far interference carries. If a memory channel contains long term unwanted activity it can be locked out.

POWER ON RESUME
If you leave the power connected all the time and only switch on/off from the front panel, you can switch it off when it is scanning and it will resume scanning when you switch back on again. If you switch off the PSU or run the radio in the car via the switched ignition circuit, it will need a dab of the power button to bring it back to life when you switch the PSU back on, or each time you start the car. Initial experiments suggested that the scanning wouldn't resume, and annoyingly it seemed to have lost the scan mode setting, going back to "Scan and stop" and needing changing again back to "Scan silence" scanning. Subsequent testing has shown that upon switching back on it will go back to scanning after all, with the scan resume setting intact. I even found that a quick off-on with the car key brought the radio back to life without intervention, scanning happily again.

STORING A FREQUENCY TO A MEMORY CHANNEL
In VFO mode, go to the frequency you want, and set any settings like repeater shift, etc. Then press Set followed by [S] and a Memory number selection process begins. Use the kHz up/down keys or simply dial in the two digits required. A channel that already has a frequency stored will be indicated by an arrow symbol to warn you that it would be overwritten. Press Set once more to select store the frequency in the selected Memory. Now a memory naming process begins, which can be ignored without setting a name by simply pressing Set one final time. I don't know if setting a name may slow down scanning, so I don't use it.

Example - store current VFO frequency in memory 01 with no name :
(Set something...)
[S]  (specify it's a Memory you want to set) ... [0]  [1]  (memory channel number)
(confirm/select/store the memory)
(optional naming process occurs here)
(complete the operation)

NAMING A CHANNEL
In the Memory Naming process stage, the number keys select letters in the same way as SMS text messages on a mobile phone - except that you have to manually move position with the MHz up/down keys.

[1] 1 : ; less-than = greater-than ? @ up-arrow down-arrow
[2] 2 A B C a b c and A/a with umlaut (Germanic dots diacritic accent)
[3] 3 D E F d e f and E/e with umlaut
[4] 4 G H I g h i and I/i with umlaut
[5] 5 J K L j k l
[6] 6 M N O m n o and O/o with umlaut
[7] 7 P Q R S p q r s
[8] 8 T U V t u v and U/u with umlaut
[9] 9 W X Y Z w x y z
[0] 0 ! " # $ % & musical-note ( ) * + , - . /

The center key (usually bank select) inserts a space and shifts right all after the position.
The phone key (right of kHz up) deletes the current position and shifts left all after the position.
The kHz up/down keys move a character through the set of 10 originally stored in that position, so press [0] then go down twice to get a decimal point dot rather than plod through 14 more presses (nearly the whole set) to reach it.

Press to store the name and exit the naming process, or the [*]  key to quit the entire memory save process without saving at all.

To disable a memory channel name in Memory Mode, and simply show the frequency instead :
and then [6] 

I don't believe there's a way to name a memory channel name in Memory Mode, where there isn't a name already. You would need to store it again from scratch - made slightly tedious by not being able to transfer a memory frequency to VFO.

DELETE A MEMORY CHANNEL
Go to a memory channel you want to erase, then use the Set Key twice with [S] in between :
[S] 
The same thing applies to the call channel, pressing the call channel key (the house symbol, under the top right tones key) instead of [S]. The radio will ask if you want to delete ("Delete channel?" or "Delete call?"), the final Set Key press confirms the action (press a number key to chicken out).

Tones

CTCSS - doesn't appear to be installed on my Ascom - I presume my radio doesn't have some optional CTCSS board. [Set] [3] doesn't do anything, and nothing seems to produce anything like a CTCSS when I transmit to a monitoring receiver.
DTMF - doesn't actually seem be be Dual Tone either - when transmitting I can get single tones from the numeral keys for as long as I press them, but not pairs, and not tones of fixed times. The Audio Menu's DTMF time setting doesn't seem to do anything, even with the maximum 398ms time setting. Maybe that's another optional board I don't have?

ZVEI - This one does appear to do something. Pressing the top right key toggles through code options (also available via the Common settings menu) for RX only, TX only, RX + TX, neither - but these appear to work with coded tone sequences set with multi-digit numbers, for example 1234 specified with [Set] [top right] [1] [2] [3] [4] [Set] [1] [2] [3] [4] [Set] - (a yellow light comes on for the tone code entering mode when set from the menus rather than the [Set] [top right key] method), and the MHz up/down keys can take you along the number and the telephone symbol key deletes the current position bring the remainder of the number (to the right) back left.
Having set a number code for TX, and having set a T on the display (with either [top right] or the Common menu) - the T indicating Tone TX - I can hear on my receiver a number of tones being sent at the start of transmission. In fact selecting 1234567890 as a TX tone produces a rising whoop, made more comical by setting the ZVEI length to 8ms in the audio menu. The idea would be that a pair of Ascoms could be made to only respond to each other (or similarly set radios) with such private tone sending and squelch settings, but it turns out that only the transmit functionality has been implemented; the receive code does nothing. So, similarly, there's not a lot of point playing with the [Set] [0] system which would have been used to call specific radios.

Reading another manual (at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/pibworth/Ascom_Manual.pdf) has confirmed : "N.B. DTMF and CTCSS functions are not implemented in this firmware. The radio will, however, transmit user defined tone signals (ZVEI tones)." .... "(N.B. only the Transmit code is supported)"

Why did I make this page? Mostly because I was so impressed with the radio when I finally got around to wiring it up that I found the enthusiasm to pass the time quite pleasantly creating a webpage. I was a bit puzzled here and there so I thought it could be helpful to anyone else similarly befuddled. Finally, if it helps to show people how wonderful and desirable these radios are, then maybe it will boost demand for them and increase their resale values ;o)